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the lower part

  • 1 imi

    infĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. infer:

    ubi super inferque vicinus permittet,

    Cato, R. R. 149), adj. [cf. Sanscr. adh-aras, adh-amas, the lower, lowest; and Lat. infra], that is below, underneath, lower; opp. superus.
    I.
    Posit.
    A.
    In gen.: inferus an superus tibi fert Deus funera, Liv. Andr. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.; cf.:

    Di Deaeque superi atque inferi,

    Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36; Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6; cf.

    also: ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videantur deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

    limen superum inferumque salve,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:

    ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

    loca,

    the lower parts, id. Arat. 474:

    fulmina,

    that come out of the ground, Plin. 2, 52, 53, § 138: aqua, that falls down, rain-water, Varr. ap. Non. 1, 221: mare inferum, the Lower, i. e. the Tuscan Sea (opp. mare superum, the Upper or Adriatic Sea), Mel. 2, 4; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 75; Cic. Att. 9, 3, 1; id. de Or. 3, 19 et saep. also without mare:

    navigatio infero,

    upon the Tuscan Sea, id. Att. 9, 5, 1.—
    B.
    In partic., underground, belonging to the Lower World: infĕri, ōrum, m. ( gen. inferūm for inferorum, Varr. ap. Macr. S. 1, 16; Sen. de Ira, 2, 35), the inhabitants of the infernal regions, the dead:

    triceps apud inferos Cerberus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

    si ab inferis exsistat rex Hiero,

    were to rise from the dead, Liv. 26, 32:

    si salvi esse velint, Sulla sit iis ab inferis excitandus,

    to be raised from the dead, Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 20:

    inferorum animas elicere,

    id. Vatin. 6, 14:

    ad inferos poenas parricidii luere,

    in the infernal regions, id. Phil. 14, 12, 32:

    ab inferis excitare aliquem,

    i. e. to quote the words of one deceased, id. Or. 25, 85; id. Brut. 93, 322.
    II.
    Comp.: infĕrĭor, ius, lower in situation or place.
    A.
    Lit.:

    spatium,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 46, 3:

    locus,

    id. ib. 2, 25:

    pars,

    id. ib. 7, 35: ex inferiore loco dicere, from below (opp. ex superiore loco, from the tribunal), Cic. Att. 2, 24, 3; cf.

    superus, II. A.: onerosa suo pondere in inferius feruntur,

    downwards, Ov. M. 15, 241:

    scriptura,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117.— Plur. subst.: infĕrĭōres, um, m., the people of the lower part of the city, Auct. B. Alex. 6, 3. —
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Subsequent, later, latter, in time or succession:

    erant inferiores quam illorum aetas, qui, etc.,

    lived later, were younger, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 2; cf.:

    aetate inferiores paulo quam Iulius, etc.,

    id. Brut. 49, 182; and:

    inferioris aetatis esse,

    id. ib. 64, 228:

    inferiores quinque dies,

    the latter, Varr. L. L. 6, § 13 Müll. —
    2.
    Inferior in quality, rank, or number.
    (α).
    With abl. specif.:

    voluptatibus erant inferiores, nec pecuniis ferme superiores,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 34:

    inferior fortunā,

    id. Fam. 13, 5, 2:

    dignitate, auctoritate, existimatione, gratia non inferior, quam qui umquam fuerunt amplissimi,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 6:

    inferiores animo,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 24:

    quemadmodum causa inferior, dicendo fieri superior posset,

    Cic. Brut. 8:

    erat multo inferior navium numero Brutus,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 57. — With abl.:

    ut humanos casus virtute inferiores putes,

    Cic. Lael. 2.—
    (β).
    With in and abl.:

    in jure civili non inferior, quam magister fuit,

    Cic. Brut. 48, 179.—
    (γ).
    Absol.:

    inferiores extollere,

    Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. §

    71: invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus,

    id. de Or. 2, 52, 209; cf.:

    indignum est, a pari vinci aut superiore, indignius ab inferiore atque humiliore,

    id. Quint. 31:

    supplices inferioresque,

    id. Font. 11:

    ordines,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 46:

    crudelis in inferiores,

    Auct. Her. 4, 40:

    non inferiora secutus,

    naught inferior, Verg. A. 6, 170.
    III.
    Sup. in two forms: infĭmus (or infŭmus) and īmus.
    A.
    Form infimus (infumus), a, um, lowest, last (= imus;

    but where the lowest of several objects is referred to, infimus is used,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 37, 103; 2, 6, 17; v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).
    1.
    Lit.:

    stabiliendi causa singuli ab infimo solo pedes terra exculcabantur,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 7:

    ab infimis radicibus montis,

    id. B. C. 1, 41, 3; 1, 42, 2:

    cum scripsissem haec infima,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6:

    ab infima ara,

    from the lowest part of the altar, id. Div. 1, 33; cf.:

    sub infimo colle,

    the foot, Caes. B. G. 7, 79. — Subst.: infĭmum, i, n., the lowest part, bottom, in the phrase:

    ab infimo,

    from below, at the bottom, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 140:

    collis erat leniter ab infimo acclivis,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 19, 1 (for which, ab imo;

    v. below, B. 1.): stipites demissi et ab infimo revincti,

    id. ib. 7, 73, 3; cf. Sen. Q. N. 3, 30, 4; 6, 4, 1; so,

    ad infimum,

    at the bottom, Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 3:

    collis passus circiter CC. infimus apertus,

    at the bottom, id. ib. 2, 18, 2.—
    2.
    Trop., lowest, meanest, basest in quality or rank:

    infima faex populi,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6; cf.:

    condicio servorum,

    id. Off. 1, 13:

    infimo loco natus,

    id. Fl. 11:

    summos cum infimis pari jure retinebat,

    id. Off. 2, 12:

    humilitas natalium,

    Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 37:

    preces,

    the most humble, Liv. 8, 2; 29, 30. — Hence, infĭmē, adv., only trop., at the bottom (late Lat.):

    quid summe est, quid infime,

    Aug. Ep. 18, 2. —
    B.
    Form imus, a, um, the lowest, deepest, last ( = infimus; but when opp. to summus, to express a whole from end to end, imus is used; v. Suet. Aug. 79; Quint. 2, 13, 9; Liv. 24, 34, 9; Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).
    1.
    Lit.:

    ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum,

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:

    terra ima sede semper haeret,

    id. Rep. 6, 18:

    fundo in imo,

    at the very bottom, Verg. A. 6, 581: vox, the deepest bass (opp. vox summa, the treble), Hor. S. 1, 3, 7; Quint. 11, 3, 15:

    conviva,

    that reclines at the bottom, Hor. S. 2, 8, 40; Mart. 6, 74:

    ad imam quercum,

    at the foot of the oak, Phaedr. 2, 4, 3:

    in aure ima,

    at the bottom of the ear, Plin. 11, 45, 103, § 205. — As substt.
    A.
    Plur.: īmi, ōrum, m., the lowest, most humble:

    aequalis ad maximos imosque pervenit clementiae tuae admiratio,

    Sen. Clem. 1, 1, 9:

    pacis et armorum superis imisque deorum Arbiter,

    Ov. F. 5, 665. —
    B.
    īmum, i, n., the bottom, depth, low [p. 945] est part. Lit.:

    ab imo ad summum,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 308:

    locus erat paulatim ab imo acclivis,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 19, 1 (for which, ab infimo; v. above, A. 1.); so,

    tigna paulum ab imo praeacuta,

    id. ib. 4, 17:

    suspirare ab imo,

    to fetch a deep sigh, Ov. A. A. 3, 675:

    (aures) instabiles imo facit,

    at the bottom. at their roots, id. M. 11, 177:

    aquae perspicuae imo,

    down to the bottom, id. ib. 5, 588. — Plur.:

    ima summis mutare,

    to turn the lowest into the highest, Hor. C. 1, 34, 12; Vell. 2, 2:

    ima,

    the under world, Ov. M. 10, 47.—With gen.:

    ima maris,

    the bottom of the sea, Plin. 32, 6, 21, § 64:

    ima montis,

    the foot of a mountain, id. 4, 11, 18, § 40.—
    2.
    Trop., with respect to time or order, the last (mostly poet.):

    mensis,

    Ov. F. 2, 52.—Hence, subst.: īmum, i, n., the last, the end:

    nihil nostrā intersit an ab summo an ab imo nomina dicere incipiamus,

    Auct. Her. 3, 18, 30:

    si quid inexpertum scaenae committis... servetur ad imum,

    till the last, to the end, Hor. A. P. 126:

    dormiet in lucem... ad imum Threx erit,

    at last, id. Ep. 1, 18, 35.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > imi

  • 2 imum

    infĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. infer:

    ubi super inferque vicinus permittet,

    Cato, R. R. 149), adj. [cf. Sanscr. adh-aras, adh-amas, the lower, lowest; and Lat. infra], that is below, underneath, lower; opp. superus.
    I.
    Posit.
    A.
    In gen.: inferus an superus tibi fert Deus funera, Liv. Andr. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.; cf.:

    Di Deaeque superi atque inferi,

    Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36; Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6; cf.

    also: ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videantur deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

    limen superum inferumque salve,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:

    ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

    loca,

    the lower parts, id. Arat. 474:

    fulmina,

    that come out of the ground, Plin. 2, 52, 53, § 138: aqua, that falls down, rain-water, Varr. ap. Non. 1, 221: mare inferum, the Lower, i. e. the Tuscan Sea (opp. mare superum, the Upper or Adriatic Sea), Mel. 2, 4; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 75; Cic. Att. 9, 3, 1; id. de Or. 3, 19 et saep. also without mare:

    navigatio infero,

    upon the Tuscan Sea, id. Att. 9, 5, 1.—
    B.
    In partic., underground, belonging to the Lower World: infĕri, ōrum, m. ( gen. inferūm for inferorum, Varr. ap. Macr. S. 1, 16; Sen. de Ira, 2, 35), the inhabitants of the infernal regions, the dead:

    triceps apud inferos Cerberus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

    si ab inferis exsistat rex Hiero,

    were to rise from the dead, Liv. 26, 32:

    si salvi esse velint, Sulla sit iis ab inferis excitandus,

    to be raised from the dead, Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 20:

    inferorum animas elicere,

    id. Vatin. 6, 14:

    ad inferos poenas parricidii luere,

    in the infernal regions, id. Phil. 14, 12, 32:

    ab inferis excitare aliquem,

    i. e. to quote the words of one deceased, id. Or. 25, 85; id. Brut. 93, 322.
    II.
    Comp.: infĕrĭor, ius, lower in situation or place.
    A.
    Lit.:

    spatium,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 46, 3:

    locus,

    id. ib. 2, 25:

    pars,

    id. ib. 7, 35: ex inferiore loco dicere, from below (opp. ex superiore loco, from the tribunal), Cic. Att. 2, 24, 3; cf.

    superus, II. A.: onerosa suo pondere in inferius feruntur,

    downwards, Ov. M. 15, 241:

    scriptura,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117.— Plur. subst.: infĕrĭōres, um, m., the people of the lower part of the city, Auct. B. Alex. 6, 3. —
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Subsequent, later, latter, in time or succession:

    erant inferiores quam illorum aetas, qui, etc.,

    lived later, were younger, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 2; cf.:

    aetate inferiores paulo quam Iulius, etc.,

    id. Brut. 49, 182; and:

    inferioris aetatis esse,

    id. ib. 64, 228:

    inferiores quinque dies,

    the latter, Varr. L. L. 6, § 13 Müll. —
    2.
    Inferior in quality, rank, or number.
    (α).
    With abl. specif.:

    voluptatibus erant inferiores, nec pecuniis ferme superiores,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 34:

    inferior fortunā,

    id. Fam. 13, 5, 2:

    dignitate, auctoritate, existimatione, gratia non inferior, quam qui umquam fuerunt amplissimi,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 6:

    inferiores animo,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 24:

    quemadmodum causa inferior, dicendo fieri superior posset,

    Cic. Brut. 8:

    erat multo inferior navium numero Brutus,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 57. — With abl.:

    ut humanos casus virtute inferiores putes,

    Cic. Lael. 2.—
    (β).
    With in and abl.:

    in jure civili non inferior, quam magister fuit,

    Cic. Brut. 48, 179.—
    (γ).
    Absol.:

    inferiores extollere,

    Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. §

    71: invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus,

    id. de Or. 2, 52, 209; cf.:

    indignum est, a pari vinci aut superiore, indignius ab inferiore atque humiliore,

    id. Quint. 31:

    supplices inferioresque,

    id. Font. 11:

    ordines,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 46:

    crudelis in inferiores,

    Auct. Her. 4, 40:

    non inferiora secutus,

    naught inferior, Verg. A. 6, 170.
    III.
    Sup. in two forms: infĭmus (or infŭmus) and īmus.
    A.
    Form infimus (infumus), a, um, lowest, last (= imus;

    but where the lowest of several objects is referred to, infimus is used,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 37, 103; 2, 6, 17; v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).
    1.
    Lit.:

    stabiliendi causa singuli ab infimo solo pedes terra exculcabantur,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 7:

    ab infimis radicibus montis,

    id. B. C. 1, 41, 3; 1, 42, 2:

    cum scripsissem haec infima,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6:

    ab infima ara,

    from the lowest part of the altar, id. Div. 1, 33; cf.:

    sub infimo colle,

    the foot, Caes. B. G. 7, 79. — Subst.: infĭmum, i, n., the lowest part, bottom, in the phrase:

    ab infimo,

    from below, at the bottom, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 140:

    collis erat leniter ab infimo acclivis,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 19, 1 (for which, ab imo;

    v. below, B. 1.): stipites demissi et ab infimo revincti,

    id. ib. 7, 73, 3; cf. Sen. Q. N. 3, 30, 4; 6, 4, 1; so,

    ad infimum,

    at the bottom, Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 3:

    collis passus circiter CC. infimus apertus,

    at the bottom, id. ib. 2, 18, 2.—
    2.
    Trop., lowest, meanest, basest in quality or rank:

    infima faex populi,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6; cf.:

    condicio servorum,

    id. Off. 1, 13:

    infimo loco natus,

    id. Fl. 11:

    summos cum infimis pari jure retinebat,

    id. Off. 2, 12:

    humilitas natalium,

    Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 37:

    preces,

    the most humble, Liv. 8, 2; 29, 30. — Hence, infĭmē, adv., only trop., at the bottom (late Lat.):

    quid summe est, quid infime,

    Aug. Ep. 18, 2. —
    B.
    Form imus, a, um, the lowest, deepest, last ( = infimus; but when opp. to summus, to express a whole from end to end, imus is used; v. Suet. Aug. 79; Quint. 2, 13, 9; Liv. 24, 34, 9; Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).
    1.
    Lit.:

    ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum,

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:

    terra ima sede semper haeret,

    id. Rep. 6, 18:

    fundo in imo,

    at the very bottom, Verg. A. 6, 581: vox, the deepest bass (opp. vox summa, the treble), Hor. S. 1, 3, 7; Quint. 11, 3, 15:

    conviva,

    that reclines at the bottom, Hor. S. 2, 8, 40; Mart. 6, 74:

    ad imam quercum,

    at the foot of the oak, Phaedr. 2, 4, 3:

    in aure ima,

    at the bottom of the ear, Plin. 11, 45, 103, § 205. — As substt.
    A.
    Plur.: īmi, ōrum, m., the lowest, most humble:

    aequalis ad maximos imosque pervenit clementiae tuae admiratio,

    Sen. Clem. 1, 1, 9:

    pacis et armorum superis imisque deorum Arbiter,

    Ov. F. 5, 665. —
    B.
    īmum, i, n., the bottom, depth, low [p. 945] est part. Lit.:

    ab imo ad summum,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 308:

    locus erat paulatim ab imo acclivis,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 19, 1 (for which, ab infimo; v. above, A. 1.); so,

    tigna paulum ab imo praeacuta,

    id. ib. 4, 17:

    suspirare ab imo,

    to fetch a deep sigh, Ov. A. A. 3, 675:

    (aures) instabiles imo facit,

    at the bottom. at their roots, id. M. 11, 177:

    aquae perspicuae imo,

    down to the bottom, id. ib. 5, 588. — Plur.:

    ima summis mutare,

    to turn the lowest into the highest, Hor. C. 1, 34, 12; Vell. 2, 2:

    ima,

    the under world, Ov. M. 10, 47.—With gen.:

    ima maris,

    the bottom of the sea, Plin. 32, 6, 21, § 64:

    ima montis,

    the foot of a mountain, id. 4, 11, 18, § 40.—
    2.
    Trop., with respect to time or order, the last (mostly poet.):

    mensis,

    Ov. F. 2, 52.—Hence, subst.: īmum, i, n., the last, the end:

    nihil nostrā intersit an ab summo an ab imo nomina dicere incipiamus,

    Auct. Her. 3, 18, 30:

    si quid inexpertum scaenae committis... servetur ad imum,

    till the last, to the end, Hor. A. P. 126:

    dormiet in lucem... ad imum Threx erit,

    at last, id. Ep. 1, 18, 35.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > imum

  • 3 inferiores

    infĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. infer:

    ubi super inferque vicinus permittet,

    Cato, R. R. 149), adj. [cf. Sanscr. adh-aras, adh-amas, the lower, lowest; and Lat. infra], that is below, underneath, lower; opp. superus.
    I.
    Posit.
    A.
    In gen.: inferus an superus tibi fert Deus funera, Liv. Andr. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.; cf.:

    Di Deaeque superi atque inferi,

    Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36; Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6; cf.

    also: ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videantur deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

    limen superum inferumque salve,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:

    ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

    loca,

    the lower parts, id. Arat. 474:

    fulmina,

    that come out of the ground, Plin. 2, 52, 53, § 138: aqua, that falls down, rain-water, Varr. ap. Non. 1, 221: mare inferum, the Lower, i. e. the Tuscan Sea (opp. mare superum, the Upper or Adriatic Sea), Mel. 2, 4; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 75; Cic. Att. 9, 3, 1; id. de Or. 3, 19 et saep. also without mare:

    navigatio infero,

    upon the Tuscan Sea, id. Att. 9, 5, 1.—
    B.
    In partic., underground, belonging to the Lower World: infĕri, ōrum, m. ( gen. inferūm for inferorum, Varr. ap. Macr. S. 1, 16; Sen. de Ira, 2, 35), the inhabitants of the infernal regions, the dead:

    triceps apud inferos Cerberus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

    si ab inferis exsistat rex Hiero,

    were to rise from the dead, Liv. 26, 32:

    si salvi esse velint, Sulla sit iis ab inferis excitandus,

    to be raised from the dead, Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 20:

    inferorum animas elicere,

    id. Vatin. 6, 14:

    ad inferos poenas parricidii luere,

    in the infernal regions, id. Phil. 14, 12, 32:

    ab inferis excitare aliquem,

    i. e. to quote the words of one deceased, id. Or. 25, 85; id. Brut. 93, 322.
    II.
    Comp.: infĕrĭor, ius, lower in situation or place.
    A.
    Lit.:

    spatium,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 46, 3:

    locus,

    id. ib. 2, 25:

    pars,

    id. ib. 7, 35: ex inferiore loco dicere, from below (opp. ex superiore loco, from the tribunal), Cic. Att. 2, 24, 3; cf.

    superus, II. A.: onerosa suo pondere in inferius feruntur,

    downwards, Ov. M. 15, 241:

    scriptura,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117.— Plur. subst.: infĕrĭōres, um, m., the people of the lower part of the city, Auct. B. Alex. 6, 3. —
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Subsequent, later, latter, in time or succession:

    erant inferiores quam illorum aetas, qui, etc.,

    lived later, were younger, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 2; cf.:

    aetate inferiores paulo quam Iulius, etc.,

    id. Brut. 49, 182; and:

    inferioris aetatis esse,

    id. ib. 64, 228:

    inferiores quinque dies,

    the latter, Varr. L. L. 6, § 13 Müll. —
    2.
    Inferior in quality, rank, or number.
    (α).
    With abl. specif.:

    voluptatibus erant inferiores, nec pecuniis ferme superiores,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 34:

    inferior fortunā,

    id. Fam. 13, 5, 2:

    dignitate, auctoritate, existimatione, gratia non inferior, quam qui umquam fuerunt amplissimi,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 6:

    inferiores animo,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 24:

    quemadmodum causa inferior, dicendo fieri superior posset,

    Cic. Brut. 8:

    erat multo inferior navium numero Brutus,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 57. — With abl.:

    ut humanos casus virtute inferiores putes,

    Cic. Lael. 2.—
    (β).
    With in and abl.:

    in jure civili non inferior, quam magister fuit,

    Cic. Brut. 48, 179.—
    (γ).
    Absol.:

    inferiores extollere,

    Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. §

    71: invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus,

    id. de Or. 2, 52, 209; cf.:

    indignum est, a pari vinci aut superiore, indignius ab inferiore atque humiliore,

    id. Quint. 31:

    supplices inferioresque,

    id. Font. 11:

    ordines,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 46:

    crudelis in inferiores,

    Auct. Her. 4, 40:

    non inferiora secutus,

    naught inferior, Verg. A. 6, 170.
    III.
    Sup. in two forms: infĭmus (or infŭmus) and īmus.
    A.
    Form infimus (infumus), a, um, lowest, last (= imus;

    but where the lowest of several objects is referred to, infimus is used,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 37, 103; 2, 6, 17; v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).
    1.
    Lit.:

    stabiliendi causa singuli ab infimo solo pedes terra exculcabantur,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 7:

    ab infimis radicibus montis,

    id. B. C. 1, 41, 3; 1, 42, 2:

    cum scripsissem haec infima,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6:

    ab infima ara,

    from the lowest part of the altar, id. Div. 1, 33; cf.:

    sub infimo colle,

    the foot, Caes. B. G. 7, 79. — Subst.: infĭmum, i, n., the lowest part, bottom, in the phrase:

    ab infimo,

    from below, at the bottom, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 140:

    collis erat leniter ab infimo acclivis,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 19, 1 (for which, ab imo;

    v. below, B. 1.): stipites demissi et ab infimo revincti,

    id. ib. 7, 73, 3; cf. Sen. Q. N. 3, 30, 4; 6, 4, 1; so,

    ad infimum,

    at the bottom, Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 3:

    collis passus circiter CC. infimus apertus,

    at the bottom, id. ib. 2, 18, 2.—
    2.
    Trop., lowest, meanest, basest in quality or rank:

    infima faex populi,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6; cf.:

    condicio servorum,

    id. Off. 1, 13:

    infimo loco natus,

    id. Fl. 11:

    summos cum infimis pari jure retinebat,

    id. Off. 2, 12:

    humilitas natalium,

    Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 37:

    preces,

    the most humble, Liv. 8, 2; 29, 30. — Hence, infĭmē, adv., only trop., at the bottom (late Lat.):

    quid summe est, quid infime,

    Aug. Ep. 18, 2. —
    B.
    Form imus, a, um, the lowest, deepest, last ( = infimus; but when opp. to summus, to express a whole from end to end, imus is used; v. Suet. Aug. 79; Quint. 2, 13, 9; Liv. 24, 34, 9; Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).
    1.
    Lit.:

    ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum,

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:

    terra ima sede semper haeret,

    id. Rep. 6, 18:

    fundo in imo,

    at the very bottom, Verg. A. 6, 581: vox, the deepest bass (opp. vox summa, the treble), Hor. S. 1, 3, 7; Quint. 11, 3, 15:

    conviva,

    that reclines at the bottom, Hor. S. 2, 8, 40; Mart. 6, 74:

    ad imam quercum,

    at the foot of the oak, Phaedr. 2, 4, 3:

    in aure ima,

    at the bottom of the ear, Plin. 11, 45, 103, § 205. — As substt.
    A.
    Plur.: īmi, ōrum, m., the lowest, most humble:

    aequalis ad maximos imosque pervenit clementiae tuae admiratio,

    Sen. Clem. 1, 1, 9:

    pacis et armorum superis imisque deorum Arbiter,

    Ov. F. 5, 665. —
    B.
    īmum, i, n., the bottom, depth, low [p. 945] est part. Lit.:

    ab imo ad summum,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 308:

    locus erat paulatim ab imo acclivis,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 19, 1 (for which, ab infimo; v. above, A. 1.); so,

    tigna paulum ab imo praeacuta,

    id. ib. 4, 17:

    suspirare ab imo,

    to fetch a deep sigh, Ov. A. A. 3, 675:

    (aures) instabiles imo facit,

    at the bottom. at their roots, id. M. 11, 177:

    aquae perspicuae imo,

    down to the bottom, id. ib. 5, 588. — Plur.:

    ima summis mutare,

    to turn the lowest into the highest, Hor. C. 1, 34, 12; Vell. 2, 2:

    ima,

    the under world, Ov. M. 10, 47.—With gen.:

    ima maris,

    the bottom of the sea, Plin. 32, 6, 21, § 64:

    ima montis,

    the foot of a mountain, id. 4, 11, 18, § 40.—
    2.
    Trop., with respect to time or order, the last (mostly poet.):

    mensis,

    Ov. F. 2, 52.—Hence, subst.: īmum, i, n., the last, the end:

    nihil nostrā intersit an ab summo an ab imo nomina dicere incipiamus,

    Auct. Her. 3, 18, 30:

    si quid inexpertum scaenae committis... servetur ad imum,

    till the last, to the end, Hor. A. P. 126:

    dormiet in lucem... ad imum Threx erit,

    at last, id. Ep. 1, 18, 35.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > inferiores

  • 4 inferus

    infĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. infer:

    ubi super inferque vicinus permittet,

    Cato, R. R. 149), adj. [cf. Sanscr. adh-aras, adh-amas, the lower, lowest; and Lat. infra], that is below, underneath, lower; opp. superus.
    I.
    Posit.
    A.
    In gen.: inferus an superus tibi fert Deus funera, Liv. Andr. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.; cf.:

    Di Deaeque superi atque inferi,

    Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36; Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6; cf.

    also: ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videantur deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

    limen superum inferumque salve,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:

    ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

    loca,

    the lower parts, id. Arat. 474:

    fulmina,

    that come out of the ground, Plin. 2, 52, 53, § 138: aqua, that falls down, rain-water, Varr. ap. Non. 1, 221: mare inferum, the Lower, i. e. the Tuscan Sea (opp. mare superum, the Upper or Adriatic Sea), Mel. 2, 4; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 75; Cic. Att. 9, 3, 1; id. de Or. 3, 19 et saep. also without mare:

    navigatio infero,

    upon the Tuscan Sea, id. Att. 9, 5, 1.—
    B.
    In partic., underground, belonging to the Lower World: infĕri, ōrum, m. ( gen. inferūm for inferorum, Varr. ap. Macr. S. 1, 16; Sen. de Ira, 2, 35), the inhabitants of the infernal regions, the dead:

    triceps apud inferos Cerberus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

    si ab inferis exsistat rex Hiero,

    were to rise from the dead, Liv. 26, 32:

    si salvi esse velint, Sulla sit iis ab inferis excitandus,

    to be raised from the dead, Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 20:

    inferorum animas elicere,

    id. Vatin. 6, 14:

    ad inferos poenas parricidii luere,

    in the infernal regions, id. Phil. 14, 12, 32:

    ab inferis excitare aliquem,

    i. e. to quote the words of one deceased, id. Or. 25, 85; id. Brut. 93, 322.
    II.
    Comp.: infĕrĭor, ius, lower in situation or place.
    A.
    Lit.:

    spatium,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 46, 3:

    locus,

    id. ib. 2, 25:

    pars,

    id. ib. 7, 35: ex inferiore loco dicere, from below (opp. ex superiore loco, from the tribunal), Cic. Att. 2, 24, 3; cf.

    superus, II. A.: onerosa suo pondere in inferius feruntur,

    downwards, Ov. M. 15, 241:

    scriptura,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117.— Plur. subst.: infĕrĭōres, um, m., the people of the lower part of the city, Auct. B. Alex. 6, 3. —
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Subsequent, later, latter, in time or succession:

    erant inferiores quam illorum aetas, qui, etc.,

    lived later, were younger, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 2; cf.:

    aetate inferiores paulo quam Iulius, etc.,

    id. Brut. 49, 182; and:

    inferioris aetatis esse,

    id. ib. 64, 228:

    inferiores quinque dies,

    the latter, Varr. L. L. 6, § 13 Müll. —
    2.
    Inferior in quality, rank, or number.
    (α).
    With abl. specif.:

    voluptatibus erant inferiores, nec pecuniis ferme superiores,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 34:

    inferior fortunā,

    id. Fam. 13, 5, 2:

    dignitate, auctoritate, existimatione, gratia non inferior, quam qui umquam fuerunt amplissimi,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 6:

    inferiores animo,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 24:

    quemadmodum causa inferior, dicendo fieri superior posset,

    Cic. Brut. 8:

    erat multo inferior navium numero Brutus,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 57. — With abl.:

    ut humanos casus virtute inferiores putes,

    Cic. Lael. 2.—
    (β).
    With in and abl.:

    in jure civili non inferior, quam magister fuit,

    Cic. Brut. 48, 179.—
    (γ).
    Absol.:

    inferiores extollere,

    Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. §

    71: invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus,

    id. de Or. 2, 52, 209; cf.:

    indignum est, a pari vinci aut superiore, indignius ab inferiore atque humiliore,

    id. Quint. 31:

    supplices inferioresque,

    id. Font. 11:

    ordines,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 46:

    crudelis in inferiores,

    Auct. Her. 4, 40:

    non inferiora secutus,

    naught inferior, Verg. A. 6, 170.
    III.
    Sup. in two forms: infĭmus (or infŭmus) and īmus.
    A.
    Form infimus (infumus), a, um, lowest, last (= imus;

    but where the lowest of several objects is referred to, infimus is used,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 37, 103; 2, 6, 17; v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).
    1.
    Lit.:

    stabiliendi causa singuli ab infimo solo pedes terra exculcabantur,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 7:

    ab infimis radicibus montis,

    id. B. C. 1, 41, 3; 1, 42, 2:

    cum scripsissem haec infima,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6:

    ab infima ara,

    from the lowest part of the altar, id. Div. 1, 33; cf.:

    sub infimo colle,

    the foot, Caes. B. G. 7, 79. — Subst.: infĭmum, i, n., the lowest part, bottom, in the phrase:

    ab infimo,

    from below, at the bottom, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 140:

    collis erat leniter ab infimo acclivis,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 19, 1 (for which, ab imo;

    v. below, B. 1.): stipites demissi et ab infimo revincti,

    id. ib. 7, 73, 3; cf. Sen. Q. N. 3, 30, 4; 6, 4, 1; so,

    ad infimum,

    at the bottom, Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 3:

    collis passus circiter CC. infimus apertus,

    at the bottom, id. ib. 2, 18, 2.—
    2.
    Trop., lowest, meanest, basest in quality or rank:

    infima faex populi,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6; cf.:

    condicio servorum,

    id. Off. 1, 13:

    infimo loco natus,

    id. Fl. 11:

    summos cum infimis pari jure retinebat,

    id. Off. 2, 12:

    humilitas natalium,

    Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 37:

    preces,

    the most humble, Liv. 8, 2; 29, 30. — Hence, infĭmē, adv., only trop., at the bottom (late Lat.):

    quid summe est, quid infime,

    Aug. Ep. 18, 2. —
    B.
    Form imus, a, um, the lowest, deepest, last ( = infimus; but when opp. to summus, to express a whole from end to end, imus is used; v. Suet. Aug. 79; Quint. 2, 13, 9; Liv. 24, 34, 9; Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).
    1.
    Lit.:

    ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum,

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:

    terra ima sede semper haeret,

    id. Rep. 6, 18:

    fundo in imo,

    at the very bottom, Verg. A. 6, 581: vox, the deepest bass (opp. vox summa, the treble), Hor. S. 1, 3, 7; Quint. 11, 3, 15:

    conviva,

    that reclines at the bottom, Hor. S. 2, 8, 40; Mart. 6, 74:

    ad imam quercum,

    at the foot of the oak, Phaedr. 2, 4, 3:

    in aure ima,

    at the bottom of the ear, Plin. 11, 45, 103, § 205. — As substt.
    A.
    Plur.: īmi, ōrum, m., the lowest, most humble:

    aequalis ad maximos imosque pervenit clementiae tuae admiratio,

    Sen. Clem. 1, 1, 9:

    pacis et armorum superis imisque deorum Arbiter,

    Ov. F. 5, 665. —
    B.
    īmum, i, n., the bottom, depth, low [p. 945] est part. Lit.:

    ab imo ad summum,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 308:

    locus erat paulatim ab imo acclivis,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 19, 1 (for which, ab infimo; v. above, A. 1.); so,

    tigna paulum ab imo praeacuta,

    id. ib. 4, 17:

    suspirare ab imo,

    to fetch a deep sigh, Ov. A. A. 3, 675:

    (aures) instabiles imo facit,

    at the bottom. at their roots, id. M. 11, 177:

    aquae perspicuae imo,

    down to the bottom, id. ib. 5, 588. — Plur.:

    ima summis mutare,

    to turn the lowest into the highest, Hor. C. 1, 34, 12; Vell. 2, 2:

    ima,

    the under world, Ov. M. 10, 47.—With gen.:

    ima maris,

    the bottom of the sea, Plin. 32, 6, 21, § 64:

    ima montis,

    the foot of a mountain, id. 4, 11, 18, § 40.—
    2.
    Trop., with respect to time or order, the last (mostly poet.):

    mensis,

    Ov. F. 2, 52.—Hence, subst.: īmum, i, n., the last, the end:

    nihil nostrā intersit an ab summo an ab imo nomina dicere incipiamus,

    Auct. Her. 3, 18, 30:

    si quid inexpertum scaenae committis... servetur ad imum,

    till the last, to the end, Hor. A. P. 126:

    dormiet in lucem... ad imum Threx erit,

    at last, id. Ep. 1, 18, 35.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > inferus

  • 5 infime

    infĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. infer:

    ubi super inferque vicinus permittet,

    Cato, R. R. 149), adj. [cf. Sanscr. adh-aras, adh-amas, the lower, lowest; and Lat. infra], that is below, underneath, lower; opp. superus.
    I.
    Posit.
    A.
    In gen.: inferus an superus tibi fert Deus funera, Liv. Andr. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.; cf.:

    Di Deaeque superi atque inferi,

    Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36; Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6; cf.

    also: ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videantur deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

    limen superum inferumque salve,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:

    ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

    loca,

    the lower parts, id. Arat. 474:

    fulmina,

    that come out of the ground, Plin. 2, 52, 53, § 138: aqua, that falls down, rain-water, Varr. ap. Non. 1, 221: mare inferum, the Lower, i. e. the Tuscan Sea (opp. mare superum, the Upper or Adriatic Sea), Mel. 2, 4; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 75; Cic. Att. 9, 3, 1; id. de Or. 3, 19 et saep. also without mare:

    navigatio infero,

    upon the Tuscan Sea, id. Att. 9, 5, 1.—
    B.
    In partic., underground, belonging to the Lower World: infĕri, ōrum, m. ( gen. inferūm for inferorum, Varr. ap. Macr. S. 1, 16; Sen. de Ira, 2, 35), the inhabitants of the infernal regions, the dead:

    triceps apud inferos Cerberus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

    si ab inferis exsistat rex Hiero,

    were to rise from the dead, Liv. 26, 32:

    si salvi esse velint, Sulla sit iis ab inferis excitandus,

    to be raised from the dead, Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 20:

    inferorum animas elicere,

    id. Vatin. 6, 14:

    ad inferos poenas parricidii luere,

    in the infernal regions, id. Phil. 14, 12, 32:

    ab inferis excitare aliquem,

    i. e. to quote the words of one deceased, id. Or. 25, 85; id. Brut. 93, 322.
    II.
    Comp.: infĕrĭor, ius, lower in situation or place.
    A.
    Lit.:

    spatium,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 46, 3:

    locus,

    id. ib. 2, 25:

    pars,

    id. ib. 7, 35: ex inferiore loco dicere, from below (opp. ex superiore loco, from the tribunal), Cic. Att. 2, 24, 3; cf.

    superus, II. A.: onerosa suo pondere in inferius feruntur,

    downwards, Ov. M. 15, 241:

    scriptura,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117.— Plur. subst.: infĕrĭōres, um, m., the people of the lower part of the city, Auct. B. Alex. 6, 3. —
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Subsequent, later, latter, in time or succession:

    erant inferiores quam illorum aetas, qui, etc.,

    lived later, were younger, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 2; cf.:

    aetate inferiores paulo quam Iulius, etc.,

    id. Brut. 49, 182; and:

    inferioris aetatis esse,

    id. ib. 64, 228:

    inferiores quinque dies,

    the latter, Varr. L. L. 6, § 13 Müll. —
    2.
    Inferior in quality, rank, or number.
    (α).
    With abl. specif.:

    voluptatibus erant inferiores, nec pecuniis ferme superiores,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 34:

    inferior fortunā,

    id. Fam. 13, 5, 2:

    dignitate, auctoritate, existimatione, gratia non inferior, quam qui umquam fuerunt amplissimi,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 6:

    inferiores animo,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 24:

    quemadmodum causa inferior, dicendo fieri superior posset,

    Cic. Brut. 8:

    erat multo inferior navium numero Brutus,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 57. — With abl.:

    ut humanos casus virtute inferiores putes,

    Cic. Lael. 2.—
    (β).
    With in and abl.:

    in jure civili non inferior, quam magister fuit,

    Cic. Brut. 48, 179.—
    (γ).
    Absol.:

    inferiores extollere,

    Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. §

    71: invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus,

    id. de Or. 2, 52, 209; cf.:

    indignum est, a pari vinci aut superiore, indignius ab inferiore atque humiliore,

    id. Quint. 31:

    supplices inferioresque,

    id. Font. 11:

    ordines,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 46:

    crudelis in inferiores,

    Auct. Her. 4, 40:

    non inferiora secutus,

    naught inferior, Verg. A. 6, 170.
    III.
    Sup. in two forms: infĭmus (or infŭmus) and īmus.
    A.
    Form infimus (infumus), a, um, lowest, last (= imus;

    but where the lowest of several objects is referred to, infimus is used,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 37, 103; 2, 6, 17; v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).
    1.
    Lit.:

    stabiliendi causa singuli ab infimo solo pedes terra exculcabantur,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 7:

    ab infimis radicibus montis,

    id. B. C. 1, 41, 3; 1, 42, 2:

    cum scripsissem haec infima,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6:

    ab infima ara,

    from the lowest part of the altar, id. Div. 1, 33; cf.:

    sub infimo colle,

    the foot, Caes. B. G. 7, 79. — Subst.: infĭmum, i, n., the lowest part, bottom, in the phrase:

    ab infimo,

    from below, at the bottom, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 140:

    collis erat leniter ab infimo acclivis,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 19, 1 (for which, ab imo;

    v. below, B. 1.): stipites demissi et ab infimo revincti,

    id. ib. 7, 73, 3; cf. Sen. Q. N. 3, 30, 4; 6, 4, 1; so,

    ad infimum,

    at the bottom, Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 3:

    collis passus circiter CC. infimus apertus,

    at the bottom, id. ib. 2, 18, 2.—
    2.
    Trop., lowest, meanest, basest in quality or rank:

    infima faex populi,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6; cf.:

    condicio servorum,

    id. Off. 1, 13:

    infimo loco natus,

    id. Fl. 11:

    summos cum infimis pari jure retinebat,

    id. Off. 2, 12:

    humilitas natalium,

    Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 37:

    preces,

    the most humble, Liv. 8, 2; 29, 30. — Hence, infĭmē, adv., only trop., at the bottom (late Lat.):

    quid summe est, quid infime,

    Aug. Ep. 18, 2. —
    B.
    Form imus, a, um, the lowest, deepest, last ( = infimus; but when opp. to summus, to express a whole from end to end, imus is used; v. Suet. Aug. 79; Quint. 2, 13, 9; Liv. 24, 34, 9; Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).
    1.
    Lit.:

    ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum,

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:

    terra ima sede semper haeret,

    id. Rep. 6, 18:

    fundo in imo,

    at the very bottom, Verg. A. 6, 581: vox, the deepest bass (opp. vox summa, the treble), Hor. S. 1, 3, 7; Quint. 11, 3, 15:

    conviva,

    that reclines at the bottom, Hor. S. 2, 8, 40; Mart. 6, 74:

    ad imam quercum,

    at the foot of the oak, Phaedr. 2, 4, 3:

    in aure ima,

    at the bottom of the ear, Plin. 11, 45, 103, § 205. — As substt.
    A.
    Plur.: īmi, ōrum, m., the lowest, most humble:

    aequalis ad maximos imosque pervenit clementiae tuae admiratio,

    Sen. Clem. 1, 1, 9:

    pacis et armorum superis imisque deorum Arbiter,

    Ov. F. 5, 665. —
    B.
    īmum, i, n., the bottom, depth, low [p. 945] est part. Lit.:

    ab imo ad summum,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 308:

    locus erat paulatim ab imo acclivis,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 19, 1 (for which, ab infimo; v. above, A. 1.); so,

    tigna paulum ab imo praeacuta,

    id. ib. 4, 17:

    suspirare ab imo,

    to fetch a deep sigh, Ov. A. A. 3, 675:

    (aures) instabiles imo facit,

    at the bottom. at their roots, id. M. 11, 177:

    aquae perspicuae imo,

    down to the bottom, id. ib. 5, 588. — Plur.:

    ima summis mutare,

    to turn the lowest into the highest, Hor. C. 1, 34, 12; Vell. 2, 2:

    ima,

    the under world, Ov. M. 10, 47.—With gen.:

    ima maris,

    the bottom of the sea, Plin. 32, 6, 21, § 64:

    ima montis,

    the foot of a mountain, id. 4, 11, 18, § 40.—
    2.
    Trop., with respect to time or order, the last (mostly poet.):

    mensis,

    Ov. F. 2, 52.—Hence, subst.: īmum, i, n., the last, the end:

    nihil nostrā intersit an ab summo an ab imo nomina dicere incipiamus,

    Auct. Her. 3, 18, 30:

    si quid inexpertum scaenae committis... servetur ad imum,

    till the last, to the end, Hor. A. P. 126:

    dormiet in lucem... ad imum Threx erit,

    at last, id. Ep. 1, 18, 35.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > infime

  • 6 infimum

    infĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. infer:

    ubi super inferque vicinus permittet,

    Cato, R. R. 149), adj. [cf. Sanscr. adh-aras, adh-amas, the lower, lowest; and Lat. infra], that is below, underneath, lower; opp. superus.
    I.
    Posit.
    A.
    In gen.: inferus an superus tibi fert Deus funera, Liv. Andr. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.; cf.:

    Di Deaeque superi atque inferi,

    Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36; Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6; cf.

    also: ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videantur deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

    limen superum inferumque salve,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:

    ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

    loca,

    the lower parts, id. Arat. 474:

    fulmina,

    that come out of the ground, Plin. 2, 52, 53, § 138: aqua, that falls down, rain-water, Varr. ap. Non. 1, 221: mare inferum, the Lower, i. e. the Tuscan Sea (opp. mare superum, the Upper or Adriatic Sea), Mel. 2, 4; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 75; Cic. Att. 9, 3, 1; id. de Or. 3, 19 et saep. also without mare:

    navigatio infero,

    upon the Tuscan Sea, id. Att. 9, 5, 1.—
    B.
    In partic., underground, belonging to the Lower World: infĕri, ōrum, m. ( gen. inferūm for inferorum, Varr. ap. Macr. S. 1, 16; Sen. de Ira, 2, 35), the inhabitants of the infernal regions, the dead:

    triceps apud inferos Cerberus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

    si ab inferis exsistat rex Hiero,

    were to rise from the dead, Liv. 26, 32:

    si salvi esse velint, Sulla sit iis ab inferis excitandus,

    to be raised from the dead, Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 20:

    inferorum animas elicere,

    id. Vatin. 6, 14:

    ad inferos poenas parricidii luere,

    in the infernal regions, id. Phil. 14, 12, 32:

    ab inferis excitare aliquem,

    i. e. to quote the words of one deceased, id. Or. 25, 85; id. Brut. 93, 322.
    II.
    Comp.: infĕrĭor, ius, lower in situation or place.
    A.
    Lit.:

    spatium,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 46, 3:

    locus,

    id. ib. 2, 25:

    pars,

    id. ib. 7, 35: ex inferiore loco dicere, from below (opp. ex superiore loco, from the tribunal), Cic. Att. 2, 24, 3; cf.

    superus, II. A.: onerosa suo pondere in inferius feruntur,

    downwards, Ov. M. 15, 241:

    scriptura,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117.— Plur. subst.: infĕrĭōres, um, m., the people of the lower part of the city, Auct. B. Alex. 6, 3. —
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Subsequent, later, latter, in time or succession:

    erant inferiores quam illorum aetas, qui, etc.,

    lived later, were younger, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 2; cf.:

    aetate inferiores paulo quam Iulius, etc.,

    id. Brut. 49, 182; and:

    inferioris aetatis esse,

    id. ib. 64, 228:

    inferiores quinque dies,

    the latter, Varr. L. L. 6, § 13 Müll. —
    2.
    Inferior in quality, rank, or number.
    (α).
    With abl. specif.:

    voluptatibus erant inferiores, nec pecuniis ferme superiores,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 34:

    inferior fortunā,

    id. Fam. 13, 5, 2:

    dignitate, auctoritate, existimatione, gratia non inferior, quam qui umquam fuerunt amplissimi,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 6:

    inferiores animo,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 24:

    quemadmodum causa inferior, dicendo fieri superior posset,

    Cic. Brut. 8:

    erat multo inferior navium numero Brutus,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 57. — With abl.:

    ut humanos casus virtute inferiores putes,

    Cic. Lael. 2.—
    (β).
    With in and abl.:

    in jure civili non inferior, quam magister fuit,

    Cic. Brut. 48, 179.—
    (γ).
    Absol.:

    inferiores extollere,

    Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. §

    71: invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus,

    id. de Or. 2, 52, 209; cf.:

    indignum est, a pari vinci aut superiore, indignius ab inferiore atque humiliore,

    id. Quint. 31:

    supplices inferioresque,

    id. Font. 11:

    ordines,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 46:

    crudelis in inferiores,

    Auct. Her. 4, 40:

    non inferiora secutus,

    naught inferior, Verg. A. 6, 170.
    III.
    Sup. in two forms: infĭmus (or infŭmus) and īmus.
    A.
    Form infimus (infumus), a, um, lowest, last (= imus;

    but where the lowest of several objects is referred to, infimus is used,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 37, 103; 2, 6, 17; v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).
    1.
    Lit.:

    stabiliendi causa singuli ab infimo solo pedes terra exculcabantur,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 7:

    ab infimis radicibus montis,

    id. B. C. 1, 41, 3; 1, 42, 2:

    cum scripsissem haec infima,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6:

    ab infima ara,

    from the lowest part of the altar, id. Div. 1, 33; cf.:

    sub infimo colle,

    the foot, Caes. B. G. 7, 79. — Subst.: infĭmum, i, n., the lowest part, bottom, in the phrase:

    ab infimo,

    from below, at the bottom, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 140:

    collis erat leniter ab infimo acclivis,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 19, 1 (for which, ab imo;

    v. below, B. 1.): stipites demissi et ab infimo revincti,

    id. ib. 7, 73, 3; cf. Sen. Q. N. 3, 30, 4; 6, 4, 1; so,

    ad infimum,

    at the bottom, Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 3:

    collis passus circiter CC. infimus apertus,

    at the bottom, id. ib. 2, 18, 2.—
    2.
    Trop., lowest, meanest, basest in quality or rank:

    infima faex populi,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6; cf.:

    condicio servorum,

    id. Off. 1, 13:

    infimo loco natus,

    id. Fl. 11:

    summos cum infimis pari jure retinebat,

    id. Off. 2, 12:

    humilitas natalium,

    Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 37:

    preces,

    the most humble, Liv. 8, 2; 29, 30. — Hence, infĭmē, adv., only trop., at the bottom (late Lat.):

    quid summe est, quid infime,

    Aug. Ep. 18, 2. —
    B.
    Form imus, a, um, the lowest, deepest, last ( = infimus; but when opp. to summus, to express a whole from end to end, imus is used; v. Suet. Aug. 79; Quint. 2, 13, 9; Liv. 24, 34, 9; Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 588).
    1.
    Lit.:

    ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum,

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:

    terra ima sede semper haeret,

    id. Rep. 6, 18:

    fundo in imo,

    at the very bottom, Verg. A. 6, 581: vox, the deepest bass (opp. vox summa, the treble), Hor. S. 1, 3, 7; Quint. 11, 3, 15:

    conviva,

    that reclines at the bottom, Hor. S. 2, 8, 40; Mart. 6, 74:

    ad imam quercum,

    at the foot of the oak, Phaedr. 2, 4, 3:

    in aure ima,

    at the bottom of the ear, Plin. 11, 45, 103, § 205. — As substt.
    A.
    Plur.: īmi, ōrum, m., the lowest, most humble:

    aequalis ad maximos imosque pervenit clementiae tuae admiratio,

    Sen. Clem. 1, 1, 9:

    pacis et armorum superis imisque deorum Arbiter,

    Ov. F. 5, 665. —
    B.
    īmum, i, n., the bottom, depth, low [p. 945] est part. Lit.:

    ab imo ad summum,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 308:

    locus erat paulatim ab imo acclivis,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 19, 1 (for which, ab infimo; v. above, A. 1.); so,

    tigna paulum ab imo praeacuta,

    id. ib. 4, 17:

    suspirare ab imo,

    to fetch a deep sigh, Ov. A. A. 3, 675:

    (aures) instabiles imo facit,

    at the bottom. at their roots, id. M. 11, 177:

    aquae perspicuae imo,

    down to the bottom, id. ib. 5, 588. — Plur.:

    ima summis mutare,

    to turn the lowest into the highest, Hor. C. 1, 34, 12; Vell. 2, 2:

    ima,

    the under world, Ov. M. 10, 47.—With gen.:

    ima maris,

    the bottom of the sea, Plin. 32, 6, 21, § 64:

    ima montis,

    the foot of a mountain, id. 4, 11, 18, § 40.—
    2.
    Trop., with respect to time or order, the last (mostly poet.):

    mensis,

    Ov. F. 2, 52.—Hence, subst.: īmum, i, n., the last, the end:

    nihil nostrā intersit an ab summo an ab imo nomina dicere incipiamus,

    Auct. Her. 3, 18, 30:

    si quid inexpertum scaenae committis... servetur ad imum,

    till the last, to the end, Hor. A. P. 126:

    dormiet in lucem... ad imum Threx erit,

    at last, id. Ep. 1, 18, 35.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > infimum

  • 7 accumbo

    ac-cumbo ( adc.), cŭbui, cŭbĭtum, 3, v. n., to lay one's self down at a place; and hence, to lie somewhere.
    I.
    In gen. (so very rare):

    in via,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 4, 13;

    of one swimming: summis in undis,

    Manil. 5, 429.—
    II.
    In part.
    A.
    To recline at table, in the manner in which the Romans (and finally even the Roman women, Val. Max. 2, 1, 2) reclined, after luxury and effeminacy had become prevalent. While they extended the lower part of the body upon the couch (triclinium, lectus triclinaris), they supported the upper part by the left arm upon a cushion (or upon the bosom of the one nearest;

    hence, in sinu accumbere,

    Liv. 39, 43; cf. anakeisthai = einai en tôi kolpôi tinos, Ev. Ioh. 13, 23), the right hand only being used in taking food:

    hoc age, adcumbe,

    Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 15; so id. Most. 1, 3, 150, etc.; Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 31; id. Mur. 35; Liv. 28, 18; c. acc.: mensam, Att. ap. Non. 415, 26; Lucil. Sat. 13; ib. 511, 16:

    cotidianis epulis in robore,

    Cic. Mur. 74:

    in convivio,

    id. Verr. 1, 66:

    in epulo,

    Cic. Vatin. 12:

    epulis,

    Verg. A. 1, 79;

    tecum,

    Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 75; absol., Cic. Deiot. 17.—Since three persons usually reclined upon such a couch (cf. Cic. Pis. 27), these expressions arose: in summo (or superiorem, also supra), medium and imum (or infra) adcumbere; and the series began on the left side, since they lay supported by the left arm. The whole arrangement is explained by the following figure: Among the three lecti, the lectus medius was the most honorable; and on each lectus, the locus medius was more honorable than the summus; and this had the preference to the imus or ultimus. The consul or other magistrate usually sat as imus of the lectus medius (fig. no. 6), in order that, by his position at the corner, he might be able, without trouble, to attend to any official business that might occur. The place no. 7 seems, for a similar reason, to have been taken by the host. See on this subject Salmas. Sol. p. 886; Smith's Antiq.; Becker's Gall. 3, p. 206 sq. (2d ed.); and Orell. excurs. ad Hor. S. 2, 8, 20. This statement explains the passages in Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 14; id. Most. 1, 1, 42; id. Stich. 3, 2, 37, etc.; Cic. Att. 1, 9; id. Fam. 9, 26; Sall. Fragm. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 702; Hor. S. 2, 8, 20.—
    B.
    In mal. part. (rarely), Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 73; Men. 3, 2, 11; 5, 9, 82.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > accumbo

  • 8 adcumbo

    ac-cumbo ( adc.), cŭbui, cŭbĭtum, 3, v. n., to lay one's self down at a place; and hence, to lie somewhere.
    I.
    In gen. (so very rare):

    in via,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 4, 13;

    of one swimming: summis in undis,

    Manil. 5, 429.—
    II.
    In part.
    A.
    To recline at table, in the manner in which the Romans (and finally even the Roman women, Val. Max. 2, 1, 2) reclined, after luxury and effeminacy had become prevalent. While they extended the lower part of the body upon the couch (triclinium, lectus triclinaris), they supported the upper part by the left arm upon a cushion (or upon the bosom of the one nearest;

    hence, in sinu accumbere,

    Liv. 39, 43; cf. anakeisthai = einai en tôi kolpôi tinos, Ev. Ioh. 13, 23), the right hand only being used in taking food:

    hoc age, adcumbe,

    Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 15; so id. Most. 1, 3, 150, etc.; Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 31; id. Mur. 35; Liv. 28, 18; c. acc.: mensam, Att. ap. Non. 415, 26; Lucil. Sat. 13; ib. 511, 16:

    cotidianis epulis in robore,

    Cic. Mur. 74:

    in convivio,

    id. Verr. 1, 66:

    in epulo,

    Cic. Vatin. 12:

    epulis,

    Verg. A. 1, 79;

    tecum,

    Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 75; absol., Cic. Deiot. 17.—Since three persons usually reclined upon such a couch (cf. Cic. Pis. 27), these expressions arose: in summo (or superiorem, also supra), medium and imum (or infra) adcumbere; and the series began on the left side, since they lay supported by the left arm. The whole arrangement is explained by the following figure: Among the three lecti, the lectus medius was the most honorable; and on each lectus, the locus medius was more honorable than the summus; and this had the preference to the imus or ultimus. The consul or other magistrate usually sat as imus of the lectus medius (fig. no. 6), in order that, by his position at the corner, he might be able, without trouble, to attend to any official business that might occur. The place no. 7 seems, for a similar reason, to have been taken by the host. See on this subject Salmas. Sol. p. 886; Smith's Antiq.; Becker's Gall. 3, p. 206 sq. (2d ed.); and Orell. excurs. ad Hor. S. 2, 8, 20. This statement explains the passages in Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 14; id. Most. 1, 1, 42; id. Stich. 3, 2, 37, etc.; Cic. Att. 1, 9; id. Fam. 9, 26; Sall. Fragm. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 702; Hor. S. 2, 8, 20.—
    B.
    In mal. part. (rarely), Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 73; Men. 3, 2, 11; 5, 9, 82.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > adcumbo

  • 9 fastigium

    fastīgĭum, ii, n. [cf. Sanscr. bhrshtīs, corner, rim; Gr. a-phlaston, aplustria, the ornamented stern of a ship; O. H. Germ. brort, the prow], the top of a gable, a gable end, pediment (syn.: cacumen, culmen, vertex, apex).
    I.
    Prop.:

    Capitolii fastigium illud et ceterarum aedium non venustas, sed necessitas ipsa fabricata est... utilitatem templi fastigii dignitas consecuta est,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 46, 180; cf.:

    fastigia aliquot templorum a culminibus abrupta,

    Liv. 40, 2, 3:

    evado ad summi fastigia culminis,

    Verg. A. 2, 458; Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 4, § 14.—Hence, meton., the roof of a house, Verg. A. 8, 491; 9, 568; Val. Fl. 2, 235:

    habere pulvinar, simulacrum, fastigium, flaminem,

    id. Phil. 2, 43, 110; cf.

    of the same: omnes unum in principem congesti honores: circa templa imagines... suggestus in curia, fastigium in domo, mensis in caelo,

    Flor. 4, 2 fin.:

    Romae signa eorum sunt in Palatina aede Apollinis in fastigio,

    Plin. 36, 5, 4, § 13; cf. id. 35, 12, 43, § 152; Vitr. 3, 2.— Transf.:

    operi tamquam fastigium imponere,

    Cic. Off. 3, 7, 33.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    The extreme part, extremity of a thing, whether above or below.
    a.
    Top, height, summit:

    colles... pari altitudinis fastigio oppidum cingebant,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 69, 4:

    opus nondum aquae fastigium aequabat,

    Curt. 4, 2, 19:

    summi operis,

    id. 4, 2, 8:

    jamque agger aequaverat summae fastigia terrae,

    id. 8, 10, 31:

    aquatilium ova rotunda, reliqua fere fastigio acuminata,

    Plin. 10, 52, 74, § 145:

    gracilitas (arundinis) nodis distincta leni fastigio tenuatur in cacumina,

    id. 16, 36, 64, § 158; cf.:

    cornua in leve fastigium exacuta,

    id. 11, 37, 45, § 124; 16, 33, 60, § 141; Vulg. 2 Reg. 18, 24.—In plur., Lucr. 4, 827:

    muri,

    Val. Fl. 2, 553:

    fontis fastigium,

    i. e. the height on which the fountain sprang up, Hirt. B. G. 8, 41, 5.—
    b.
    The lower part, depth: forsitan et scrobibus quae sint fastigia, quaeres, [p. 728] what should be the depth of the trenches, Verg. G. 2, 288.—
    2.
    (From the sloping form of the gable.) A slope, declivity, descent:

    ab oppido declivis locus tenui fastigio vergebat,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 45, 5:

    jugum paulo leniore fastigio,

    id. ib. 2, 24, 3:

    iniquum loci ad declivitatem fastigium,

    id. B. G. 7, 85, 4:

    rupes leniore submissa fastigio,

    Curt. 6, 6, 11:

    capreoli molli fastigio,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 10, 3; 2, 24, 3:

    musculi,

    id. ib. 2, 11, 1:

    scrobes paulatim angustiore ad infimum fastigio,

    i. e. gradually narrowing from top to bottom, id. B. G. 7, 73, 5; cf.:

    si (fossa) fastigium habet, ut (aqua) exeat e fundo,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 14, 2.—
    3.
    In the later grammarians, an accent placed over a word, Mart. Cap. 3, § 264; § 268 al.; Diom. p. 428 P.
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    The highest part, summit, the highest degree, most exalted rank or dignity (perh. only since the Aug. per.):

    quicquid numinum hanc Romani imperii molem in amplissimum terrarum orbis fastigium extulit,

    Vell. 2, 131, 1; cf.:

    sic fit, ut dei summum inter homines fastigium servent,

    Plin. Pan. 52, 2:

    et quoad usque ad memoriam nostram tribuniciis consularibusque certatum viribus est, dictaturae semper altius fastigium fuit,

    Liv. 6, 38 fin.; cf.:

    in consulare fastigium vehi,

    Vell. 2, 69, 1:

    ad regium fastigium evehere aliquem,

    Val. Max. 1, 6, 1:

    alii cives ejusdem fastigii,

    Liv. 3, 35, 9:

    stare in fastigio eloquentiae,

    Quint. 12, 1, 20:

    rhetoricen in tam sublime fastigium sine arte venisse,

    id. 2, 17, 3:

    et poësis ab Homero et Vergilio tantum fastigium accepit, et eloquentia a Demosthene,

    id. 12, 11, 26; cf.:

    magice in tantum fastigii adolevit, ut, etc.,

    grew into such esteem, Plin. 30, 1, 1, § 2.—
    2.
    In gen., dignity, rank, condition:

    (M. Laetorio) curatio altior fastigio suo data est,

    Liv. 2, 27, 6; cf.:

    ampliora etiam humano fastigio decerni sibi passus est,

    Suet. Caes. 76:

    tamquam mortale fastigium egressus,

    Tac. A. 15, 74:

    animus super humanum fastigium elatus,

    Curt. 9, 10 med.:

    quales ex humili magna ad fastigia rerum extollit Fortuna,

    Juv. 3, 39.—
    B.
    A leading or chief point, head in a discourse; a principal sort or kind (rare):

    summa sequar fastigia rerum,

    Verg. A. 1, 342:

    e quibus tribus fastigiis (agrorum) simplicibus,

    sorts, kinds, Varr. R. R. 1, 6, 2:

    propter haec tria fastigia formae discrimina quaedam fiunt sationum,

    id. ib. 1, 5:

    haec atque hujuscemodi tria fastigia agri, etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 6, 6; cf.

    also: quo fastigio sit fundus,

    id. ib. 1, 20 fin. (and v. Lachm. ad Lucr. p. 223):

    laudem relego fastigia summa,

    Prisc. Laud. Anast. 148.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > fastigium

  • 10 Hister

    1.
    Hister, tri (less correctly Ister), m., = Istros, the lower part of the Danube (the upper part, Danubius).
    I.
    Prop.
    A.
    In gen.:

    Ponticum simul et Hadriaticum mare et Histrum amnem et Alpes conspici posse,

    Liv. 40, 21:

    turbidus et torquens flaventes Hister arenas,

    Verg. G. 3, 350:

    stat vetus urbs, ripae vicina binominis Histri,

    Ov. P. 1, 8, 11.—
    B.
    Esp.: Histro fallacior, an epithet applied by Tertullian to Marcion; because the river, on account of its strong eddies and many mouths, was dangerous to the navigator, Tert. adv. Marc. 1, 1.—
    II.
    Meton., one who dwells on the Danube:

    collo triumphati proculcat Honorius Histri,

    Claud. VI. Cons. Honor. 648:

    aut tibi captivo famulus mittetur ab Histro,

    Mart. 7, 79, 11.
    2.
    hister, v. histrio init.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Hister

  • 11 hister

    1.
    Hister, tri (less correctly Ister), m., = Istros, the lower part of the Danube (the upper part, Danubius).
    I.
    Prop.
    A.
    In gen.:

    Ponticum simul et Hadriaticum mare et Histrum amnem et Alpes conspici posse,

    Liv. 40, 21:

    turbidus et torquens flaventes Hister arenas,

    Verg. G. 3, 350:

    stat vetus urbs, ripae vicina binominis Histri,

    Ov. P. 1, 8, 11.—
    B.
    Esp.: Histro fallacior, an epithet applied by Tertullian to Marcion; because the river, on account of its strong eddies and many mouths, was dangerous to the navigator, Tert. adv. Marc. 1, 1.—
    II.
    Meton., one who dwells on the Danube:

    collo triumphati proculcat Honorius Histri,

    Claud. VI. Cons. Honor. 648:

    aut tibi captivo famulus mittetur ab Histro,

    Mart. 7, 79, 11.
    2.
    hister, v. histrio init.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > hister

  • 12 subsutus

    sub-sūtus, a, um, Part. [suo], sewn beneath or at the lower part: vestis, trimmed, edged, or fringed at the bottom, Hor. S. 1, 2, 29.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > subsutus

  • 13 radix

    rādix, īcis ( gen. plur. radicium, Cassiod. H. E. 1, 1; Jul. Val. Itin. Alex. 32 (75)), f. [Gr. rhiza, a root; rhadix, a shoot or twig; cf. ramus], a root of a plant (cf. stirps).
    I.
    Lit.
    1.
    In gen. (mostly in plur.):

    radices agere,

    to strike root, Varr. R. R. 1, 37 fin.; Ov. R. Am. 106; id. M. 4, 254; Col. 5, 6, 8; Plin. 16, 31, 56, § 127; cf.

    infra, II.: capere radices,

    to take root, Cato, R. R. 133, 3; Plin. 17, 17, 27, § 123:

    penitus immittere radices,

    Quint. 1, 3, 5:

    emittere radices e capite, ex se,

    Col. 3, 18, 6; 5, 10, 13:

    descendunt radices,

    Plin. 16, 31, 56, § 129:

    arbores ab radicibus subruere,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 27, 4:

    herbas radice revellit,

    Ov. M. 7, 226:

    radicibus eruta pinus,

    Verg. A. 5, 449:

    segetem ab radicibus imis eruere,

    id. G. 1, 319.— Sing.:

    (arbos) quae, quantum vertice ad auras, tantum radice in Tartara tendit,

    Verg. G. 2, 292; Plin. 16, 31, 56, § 128; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 150; Ov. H. 5, 147. —
    2.
    In partic., an edible root, Caes. B. C. 3, 48; esp. a radish:

    Syriaca,

    Col. 11, 3, 16; 59:

    also simply radix,

    Pall. 1, 35, 5; Hor. S. 2, 8, 8; Ov. M. 8, 666 al.:

    dulcis,

    licorice, Scrib. Comp. 170. —
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    The root, i. e. the lower part of an object, the foot of a hill, mountain, etc.— In plur.:

    in radicibus Caucasi natus,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 22, 52:

    in radicibus Amani,

    id. Fam. 15, 4, 9:

    sub ipsis radicibus montis,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 36; 7, 51 fin.; 69; id. B. C. 1, 41; 3, 85, 1 et saep. — In sing.:

    a Palatii radice,

    Cic. Div. 1, 45, 101; Plin. 37, 10, 66, § 180.—
    2.
    That upon which any thing is fixed or rests (e. g. the tongue, a feather, a rock); a root, foundation ( poet.; used alike in sing. and plur.):

    linguae,

    Ov. M. 6, 557:

    plumae,

    id. ib. 2, 583:

    saxi,

    Lucr. 2, 102; Ov. M. 14, 713.—
    3.
    Radix virilis = membrum virile, Cael. Aur. Tard. 2, 1, 13.—
    II.
    Trop., a root, ground, basis, foundation, origin, source (almost entirely in the plur.):

    vera gloria radices agit atque etiam propagatur,

    Cic. Off. 2, 12, 43:

    virtus altissimis defixa radicibus,

    id. Phil. 4, 5, 13:

    audeamus non solum ramos amputare miseriarum, sed omnes radicum fibras evellere,

    id. Tusc. 3, 6, 13:

    facilitatis et patientiae,

    id. Cael. 6, 14:

    Pompeius eo robore vir, iis radicibus,

    i. e. so deeply rooted, firmly established in the State, id. Att. 6, 6, 4:

    illic radices, illic fundamenta sunt,

    Quint. 10, 3, 3:

    a radicibus evertere domum,

    from its foundation, utterly, Phaedr. 3, 10, 49:

    ex iisdem, quibus nos, radicibus natum (C. Marium),

    i. e. a native of the same city, Cic. Sest. 22, 50; Varr. R. R. 2, 8, 1; cf. in sing.:

    Apollinis se radice ortum,

    Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 72:

    ego sum radix David,

    Vulg. Apoc. 22, 16 et saep.—

    Of words,

    origin, derivation, Varr. L. L. 6, 5, 61; 7, 3, 88 al.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > radix

  • 14 stirpis

    stirps (collat. form of the nom. stir-pes or stirpis, in the best MSS., Liv. 1, 1 fin.; 41, 8, 10; 26, 13, 16; v. Drak. ad locc.), pis, f. ( poet. and post-Aug.; also m., Enn. ap. Fest. p. 313 Müll., and ap. Non. 226, 32 (Ann. 184); Pac. ap. Non. 227, 2 (Trag. Fragm. 421), and ap. Charis. p. 85 P.; Cato, R. R. 40, 2; Verg. G. 2, 379; id. A. 12, 208; 12, 770; 12, 781; Col. 5, 9, 13; Plin. 8, 26, 40, § 96; cf. Quint. 1, 6, 2) [root star-; cf. sternere; Gr. storennumi; prop. that which extends or spreads].
    I.
    Lit., the lower part of the trunk of plants, including the roots; a stock, stem, stalk; a root (class. and very freq.; cf.

    radix): arborum altitudo nos delectat. radices stirpesque non item,

    Cic. Or. 43, 147:

    terra stirpes amplexa alat,

    id. N. D. 2, 33, 83; cf. id. ib. 2, 10, 26; 2, 47, 120;

    2, 51, 127: ut tantum modo per stirpis alantur suas,

    id. ib. 2, 32, 81:

    sceptrum in silvis imo de stirpe recisum,

    Verg. A. 12, 208: harundo omnis ex unā stirpe numerosa, Plin. 16, 36, 65, §

    163: palmarum stirpibus ali,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 38, § 99; so,

    palmarum,

    id. ib. 2, 5, 50, §

    131 (for which: radices palmarum,

    id. ib. 2, 5, 33, § 87); cf.:

    lento in stirpe moratus,

    Verg. A. 12, 781 (for which, just before:

    lentā in radice): stirpes raptas volvere,

    Hor. C. 3, 29, 37:

    validis amplexae stirpibus ulmos,

    Verg. G. 2, 367:

    hic stirpes obruit arvo,

    id. ib. 2, 24:

    domos avium cum stirpibus imis Eruit,

    id. ib. 2, 209; cf.

    of hair: vellere albos ab stirpe capillos,

    Prop. 3 (4), 25, 13; Tib. 1, 8, 45:

    ex hac nimiā licentiā, ut ex stirpe quādam, exsistere, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 44, 68.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    Of vegetables.
    a.
    A plant, shrub (esp. freq. in plur.):

    stirpium naturae,

    Cic. Fin. 5, 4, 10; cf.:

    cum arborum et stirpium eadem paene natura sit,

    id. ib. 5, 11, 33; so (with arbores) id. Phil. 2, 22, 55; (with herbae) id. N. D. 2, 64, 161:

    pati (terram) stirpium asperitate vastari,

    id. ib. 2, 39, 99:

    stirpes tenent,

    Luc. 4, 42:

    internatas saxis stirpes et herbas vellentes,

    Tac. H. 4, 60.—
    b.
    A shoot, sprout:

    rami stirpesque,

    Lucr. 5, 1100:

    stirpem praecisum circumligato, etc.,

    Cato, R. R. 40, 2:

    probatissimum genus stirpis deponere, i. e. malleolos,

    Col. 3, 5, 4:

    stirpem post annum praecidi,

    id. 5, 6, 13:

    stirpis committere ramis,

    engraft, Lucr. 5, 1365.—
    2.
    Of persons.
    a.
    A stem, stock, race, family, lineage (cf.:

    genus, familia): ignoratio stirpis et generis,

    Cic. Lael. 19, 70:

    stirpis ac gentilitatis jus,

    id. de Or. 1, 39, 176:

    qui sunt ejusdem stirpis,

    id. Rab. Post. 1, 2: a stirpe supremo, Enn. ap. Non. 226, 32 (Ann. v. 184 Vahl.):

    divinae stirpis Acestes,

    Verg. A. 5, 711:

    Priami de stirpe,

    id. ib. 5, 297:

    Herculis stirpe generatus,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 12, 24:

    hinc orti stirpe antiquissimā sumus,

    id. Leg. 2, 1, 3:

    hominum sceleratorum,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 34:

    ab stirpe socius et amicus populi Romani,

    Sall. J. 14, 2 et saep.:

    unum relictum, stirpem genti Fabiae futurum,

    Liv. 2, 50 fin. —
    b.
    Like Engl. scion, = offspring, descendant, progeny (mostly poet.; not in Cic.): stirps liberum, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 16 Müll. (Trag. v. 317 Vahl.); so,

    liberum,

    Liv. 45, 11; cf.:

    aliquis magnā de stirpe nepotum,

    Verg. A. 6, 864:

    stirps et genus omne futurum,

    id. ib. 4, 622; cf.:

    en stirps et progenies tot consulum, tot dictatorum,

    Tac. A. 2, 37 fin.:

    stirpis virilis,

    Liv. 1, 1, 11; cf.:

    qui stirpem ex sese domi relinquerent,

    id. 41, 8, 9.—
    II.
    Trop., source, origin, foundation, first beginning, cause, etc.:

    altae stirpes stultitiae,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 6, 13:

    superstitionis stirpes,

    id. Div. 2, 72, 149:

    virtutis,

    id. Cael. 32, 79:

    quā ex stirpe orirentur amicitiae cognationum,

    id. Fin. 4, 7, 17:

    quodsi exquiratur usque ab stirpe auctoritas,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 180:

    populum a stirpe repetere,

    Cic. Rep. 3, 12, 21 Mos.:

    repetam stirpem juris a naturā,

    id. Leg. 1, 6, 20:

    stirps ac semen malorum omnium,

    id. Cat. 1, 12, 30; cf.:

    ea pars, quae quasi stirps est hujus quaestionis,

    id. Fin. 4, 2, 5:

    non ingenerantur hominibus mores tam a stirpe generis ac seminis, quam, etc.,

    original nature, id. Agr. 2, 35, 95; cf.:

    exoletā stirpe gentis,

    Liv. 37, 8, 4.—So esp. in phrase ab stirpe, utterly:

    Karthago ab stirpe interiit,

    Sall. C. 10, 1:

    gens ab stirpe exstincta est,

    Liv. 9, 34, 19:

    omne genus ab stirpe sublatum esse,

    id. 34, 2, 3; cf.:

    omnis intra annum cum stirpe exstinctos,

    id. 9, 29, 10:

    velut ab stirpibus renata urbs,

    id. 6, 1, 3.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > stirpis

  • 15 stirps

    stirps (collat. form of the nom. stir-pes or stirpis, in the best MSS., Liv. 1, 1 fin.; 41, 8, 10; 26, 13, 16; v. Drak. ad locc.), pis, f. ( poet. and post-Aug.; also m., Enn. ap. Fest. p. 313 Müll., and ap. Non. 226, 32 (Ann. 184); Pac. ap. Non. 227, 2 (Trag. Fragm. 421), and ap. Charis. p. 85 P.; Cato, R. R. 40, 2; Verg. G. 2, 379; id. A. 12, 208; 12, 770; 12, 781; Col. 5, 9, 13; Plin. 8, 26, 40, § 96; cf. Quint. 1, 6, 2) [root star-; cf. sternere; Gr. storennumi; prop. that which extends or spreads].
    I.
    Lit., the lower part of the trunk of plants, including the roots; a stock, stem, stalk; a root (class. and very freq.; cf.

    radix): arborum altitudo nos delectat. radices stirpesque non item,

    Cic. Or. 43, 147:

    terra stirpes amplexa alat,

    id. N. D. 2, 33, 83; cf. id. ib. 2, 10, 26; 2, 47, 120;

    2, 51, 127: ut tantum modo per stirpis alantur suas,

    id. ib. 2, 32, 81:

    sceptrum in silvis imo de stirpe recisum,

    Verg. A. 12, 208: harundo omnis ex unā stirpe numerosa, Plin. 16, 36, 65, §

    163: palmarum stirpibus ali,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 38, § 99; so,

    palmarum,

    id. ib. 2, 5, 50, §

    131 (for which: radices palmarum,

    id. ib. 2, 5, 33, § 87); cf.:

    lento in stirpe moratus,

    Verg. A. 12, 781 (for which, just before:

    lentā in radice): stirpes raptas volvere,

    Hor. C. 3, 29, 37:

    validis amplexae stirpibus ulmos,

    Verg. G. 2, 367:

    hic stirpes obruit arvo,

    id. ib. 2, 24:

    domos avium cum stirpibus imis Eruit,

    id. ib. 2, 209; cf.

    of hair: vellere albos ab stirpe capillos,

    Prop. 3 (4), 25, 13; Tib. 1, 8, 45:

    ex hac nimiā licentiā, ut ex stirpe quādam, exsistere, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 44, 68.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    Of vegetables.
    a.
    A plant, shrub (esp. freq. in plur.):

    stirpium naturae,

    Cic. Fin. 5, 4, 10; cf.:

    cum arborum et stirpium eadem paene natura sit,

    id. ib. 5, 11, 33; so (with arbores) id. Phil. 2, 22, 55; (with herbae) id. N. D. 2, 64, 161:

    pati (terram) stirpium asperitate vastari,

    id. ib. 2, 39, 99:

    stirpes tenent,

    Luc. 4, 42:

    internatas saxis stirpes et herbas vellentes,

    Tac. H. 4, 60.—
    b.
    A shoot, sprout:

    rami stirpesque,

    Lucr. 5, 1100:

    stirpem praecisum circumligato, etc.,

    Cato, R. R. 40, 2:

    probatissimum genus stirpis deponere, i. e. malleolos,

    Col. 3, 5, 4:

    stirpem post annum praecidi,

    id. 5, 6, 13:

    stirpis committere ramis,

    engraft, Lucr. 5, 1365.—
    2.
    Of persons.
    a.
    A stem, stock, race, family, lineage (cf.:

    genus, familia): ignoratio stirpis et generis,

    Cic. Lael. 19, 70:

    stirpis ac gentilitatis jus,

    id. de Or. 1, 39, 176:

    qui sunt ejusdem stirpis,

    id. Rab. Post. 1, 2: a stirpe supremo, Enn. ap. Non. 226, 32 (Ann. v. 184 Vahl.):

    divinae stirpis Acestes,

    Verg. A. 5, 711:

    Priami de stirpe,

    id. ib. 5, 297:

    Herculis stirpe generatus,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 12, 24:

    hinc orti stirpe antiquissimā sumus,

    id. Leg. 2, 1, 3:

    hominum sceleratorum,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 34:

    ab stirpe socius et amicus populi Romani,

    Sall. J. 14, 2 et saep.:

    unum relictum, stirpem genti Fabiae futurum,

    Liv. 2, 50 fin. —
    b.
    Like Engl. scion, = offspring, descendant, progeny (mostly poet.; not in Cic.): stirps liberum, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 16 Müll. (Trag. v. 317 Vahl.); so,

    liberum,

    Liv. 45, 11; cf.:

    aliquis magnā de stirpe nepotum,

    Verg. A. 6, 864:

    stirps et genus omne futurum,

    id. ib. 4, 622; cf.:

    en stirps et progenies tot consulum, tot dictatorum,

    Tac. A. 2, 37 fin.:

    stirpis virilis,

    Liv. 1, 1, 11; cf.:

    qui stirpem ex sese domi relinquerent,

    id. 41, 8, 9.—
    II.
    Trop., source, origin, foundation, first beginning, cause, etc.:

    altae stirpes stultitiae,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 6, 13:

    superstitionis stirpes,

    id. Div. 2, 72, 149:

    virtutis,

    id. Cael. 32, 79:

    quā ex stirpe orirentur amicitiae cognationum,

    id. Fin. 4, 7, 17:

    quodsi exquiratur usque ab stirpe auctoritas,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 180:

    populum a stirpe repetere,

    Cic. Rep. 3, 12, 21 Mos.:

    repetam stirpem juris a naturā,

    id. Leg. 1, 6, 20:

    stirps ac semen malorum omnium,

    id. Cat. 1, 12, 30; cf.:

    ea pars, quae quasi stirps est hujus quaestionis,

    id. Fin. 4, 2, 5:

    non ingenerantur hominibus mores tam a stirpe generis ac seminis, quam, etc.,

    original nature, id. Agr. 2, 35, 95; cf.:

    exoletā stirpe gentis,

    Liv. 37, 8, 4.—So esp. in phrase ab stirpe, utterly:

    Karthago ab stirpe interiit,

    Sall. C. 10, 1:

    gens ab stirpe exstincta est,

    Liv. 9, 34, 19:

    omne genus ab stirpe sublatum esse,

    id. 34, 2, 3; cf.:

    omnis intra annum cum stirpe exstinctos,

    id. 9, 29, 10:

    velut ab stirpibus renata urbs,

    id. 6, 1, 3.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > stirps

  • 16 crus

    crūs, ūris, n. [etym. dub.; prob. kindr. with curro, currus; cf. celer, and -cello in recello, etc.], the leg, shank, shin.
    I.
    Prop., Cels. 8, 1 fin.: perque fabam repunt (grues) et mollia crura reponunt, Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. G. 3, 76 (Ann. v. 545 Vahl.); imitated by Verg. G. 3, 76, and Sil. 16, 444; so Lucr. 3, 478; 3, 652; Cic. N. D. 1, 36, 101; Caes. B. G. 6, 27; Plin. 10, 46, 63, § 129; Quint. 11, 3, 139; Ov. M. 1, 306; 4, 580 et saep. The legs of criminals were frequently broken, as a punishment, Cic. Rosc. Am. 20, 56 sq.; id. Phil. 13, 12, 27; Suet. Aug. 67; cf. crurifragius.—
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    For pes, foot, Ov. M. 11, 74.—
    B.
    Of plants, the lower part of the stalk, Col. 3, 10, 2; 3, 18, 5; Pall. 1, 35, 6.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > crus

  • 17 frutex

    frŭtex, ĭcis, m. ( fem.:

    Nilotica,

    Mart. Cap. 3, § 225) [prob. kindr. with bruô, to sprout forth], a shrub, bush (cf. arbor).
    I.
    Lit.: ex surculo vel arbor procedit, ut olea, ficus, pirus; vel frutex, ut violae, rosae, arundines;

    vel tertium quiddam, quod neque arborem neque fruticem proprie dixerimus, sicuti est vitis,

    Col. Arb. 1, 2; Col. 8, 15, 5; Plin. 16, 36, 64, § 156; Ov. A. A. 3, 249; Petr. 135:

    numerosus,

    Plin. 18, 24, 55, § 199:

    olerum,

    Col. 11, 3, 63:

    lupini,

    id. 2, 14, 5:

    sucus fruticis recentis,

    Plin. 23, 3, 35, § 71:

    frutices inter membra condebant,

    Lucr. 5, 956:

    his genus omne silvarum fruticumque viret,

    Verg. G. 2, 21:

    in montuosis locis et fruticibus,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 16; collect. in the sing.:

    venari asello comite cum vellet leo, Contexit illum frutice,

    Phaedr. 1, 11, 4.—
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    Perh., the lower part of the stem of a tree, the trunk:

    quercus antiqua singulos repente ramos a frutice dedit,

    Suet. Vesp. 5 (al. radice).—
    B.
    As a term of reproach, like caudex, stipes, blockhead:

    nec veri simile loquere nec verum, frutex,

    Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 13 Lorenz (Ritschl, rupex); App. Mag. p. 317; v. Oud. ad h. l.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > frutex

  • 18 stirps

        stirps (rarely stirpis, once stirpēs, L.), pis, f or (poet.) m    [STER-].—Of plants, the lower part of the trunk, stock, stem, stalk, root: terra stirpes amplexa: ut tantum modo per stirpīs alantur suas: sceptrum in silvis imo de stirpe recisum, V.: domos avium cum stirpibus imis Eruit, V.— Of hair: vellere ab stirpe capillos, by the roots, Pr., Tb.— A plant, shrub ; usu. plur: stirpium naturae: in seminibus est causa arborum et stirpium. —Of persons, a stem, stock, race, family, lineage: ignoratio stirpis et generis: qui sunt eius stirpis: divina, V.: Herculis stirpe generatus: ab stirpe socius atque amicus populi R., S.— A scion, offspring, descendant, progeny: quibus stirpes deesset, L.: stirps et genus omne futurum, V.: stirpis virilis ex novo matrimonio fuit, a son, L.—Fig., a root, source, origin, foundation, beginning, cause: altae stirpes stultitiae: populum a stirpe repetere: malorum omnium: gentis, L.: Carthago ab stirpe interiit, utterly, S.— Inborn character, nature: non ingenerantur hominibus mores a stirpe generis: nondum exoletā stirpe gentis, L.
    * * *
    I II
    stock, plant; race, lineage; character

    Latin-English dictionary > stirps

  • 19 calceus

    calcĕus (also calcĭus; cf. Burm. and Oud. Suet. Aug. 73, and Calig. 52), i, m. [calx], a shoe, a half-boot (covering the whole foot, while soleae, sandals, covered only the lower part, Gell. 13, 22, 5; v. solea, and cf. Liddell and Scott s. v. hupodêma, and Dict. of Antiq.;

    very freq. and class.): calcei muliebres sint an viriles,

    Varr. L. L. 9, § 40 Müll.;

    Titin. ap. Fest. s. v. mulleos, p. 142 ib. (Com. Rel. p. 128 Rib.): calcei habiles et apti ad pedem,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 231:

    calcei et toga,

    id. Phil. 2, 30, 76:

    in calceo pulvis,

    id. Inv. 1, 30, 47; Quint. 11, 3, 137; cf. id. 11, 3, 143; 6, 3, 74:

    laxus,

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 32. laxatus, Suet. Oth. 6:

    sinister, dexter,

    id. Aug. 92:

    laevus,

    Plin. 2, 7, 5, § 24:

    pede major subvertet, minor uret,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 42.—When the Romans reclined at table they laid aside their shoes;

    hence, calceos poscere (like soleas poscere, v. solea),

    i. e. to rise from table, Plin. Ep. 9, 17, 3:

    calceos et vestimenta mutavit,

    changed, Cic. Mil. 10, 28; but also, because senators wore a peculiar kind of half - boot (cf. Becker, Gallus, III. p. 132, 2d ed.): calceos mutare, i e. to become senator, Cic. Phil. 13, 13, 28.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > calceus

  • 20 calcius

    calcĕus (also calcĭus; cf. Burm. and Oud. Suet. Aug. 73, and Calig. 52), i, m. [calx], a shoe, a half-boot (covering the whole foot, while soleae, sandals, covered only the lower part, Gell. 13, 22, 5; v. solea, and cf. Liddell and Scott s. v. hupodêma, and Dict. of Antiq.;

    very freq. and class.): calcei muliebres sint an viriles,

    Varr. L. L. 9, § 40 Müll.;

    Titin. ap. Fest. s. v. mulleos, p. 142 ib. (Com. Rel. p. 128 Rib.): calcei habiles et apti ad pedem,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 231:

    calcei et toga,

    id. Phil. 2, 30, 76:

    in calceo pulvis,

    id. Inv. 1, 30, 47; Quint. 11, 3, 137; cf. id. 11, 3, 143; 6, 3, 74:

    laxus,

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 32. laxatus, Suet. Oth. 6:

    sinister, dexter,

    id. Aug. 92:

    laevus,

    Plin. 2, 7, 5, § 24:

    pede major subvertet, minor uret,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 42.—When the Romans reclined at table they laid aside their shoes;

    hence, calceos poscere (like soleas poscere, v. solea),

    i. e. to rise from table, Plin. Ep. 9, 17, 3:

    calceos et vestimenta mutavit,

    changed, Cic. Mil. 10, 28; but also, because senators wore a peculiar kind of half - boot (cf. Becker, Gallus, III. p. 132, 2d ed.): calceos mutare, i e. to become senator, Cic. Phil. 13, 13, 28.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > calcius

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